论文标题：Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World
期刊：
作者：Priscila T. Rodrigues, Hugo O. Valdivia, Thais C. de Oliveira, João Marcelo P. Alves, Ana Maria R. C. Duarte, Crispim Cerutti-Junior, Julyana C. Buery, Cristiana F. A. Brito, Júlio César de Souza Jr, Zelinda M. B. Hirano, Marina G. Bueno, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Rosely S. Malafronte, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, Toshihiro Mita, Ana Maria Santamaria, José E. Calzada, Indah S. Tantular, Fumihiko Kawamoto, Leonie R. J. Raijmakers, Ivo Mueller, M. Andreina Pacheco, Ananias A. Escalante, Ingrid Felger, Marcelo U. Ferreira
发表时间：2018/01/31
数字识别码： 10.1038/s41598-018-19554-0
原文链接：
Scientific Reports发表的一项研究Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World探讨了恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫是何时以怎样的方式进入美洲地区的。
来自巴西圣保罗大学的Priscila T. Rodrigues及其同事通过对全球大量人类疟疾寄生虫的线粒体基因组进行检测分析，发现非洲和南亚的谱系极大影响了现今新世界的疟疾寄生虫，还有部分间日疟原虫谱系有美拉尼西亚血统，据推测这些疟原虫可能是由移民到美洲的澳大拉西亚人带入的，这些澳大拉西亚人为美洲原住民贡献了基因。
更重要的是，研究人员发现在大西洋森林生态环境中，阔鼻猴和人类体内都能够找到与间日疟原虫非常类似的另一种疟原虫—吼猴疟原虫的线粒体谱系，但在亚马逊地区并非如此，研究人员推断这种线粒体谱系共享是近期一次或多次人向猴的传染导致的。虽然非洲被占领后作为奴隶运入美洲的非洲人可能是将恶性疟原虫带入美洲的主要携带者，但澳大拉西亚人在哥伦比亚时代前携带到美洲的疟原虫可能是促成目前美洲当地间日疟原虫种群多样性的重要原因。
图1：根据间日疟原虫标本线粒体谱系绘制的贝叶斯系统发生树（A）和中间连接网络（B）。
摘要：We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparummitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax.
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期刊介绍： () is an online, open access journal from the publishers of Nature. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the natural and clinical sciences.
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