论文标题：Holocene evolution of Portus Pisanus, the lost harbour of Pisa
期刊：
作者：D. Kaniewski et al
发表时间：2018/08/23
数字识别码：10.1038/s41598-018-29890-w
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《明升体育app手机版》本周发表的研究Holocene evolution of Portus Pisanus, the lost harbour of Pisa，为消亡的比萨港口Portus Pisanus的演变和最终消失提供了新见解。
Portus Pisanus被认为是罗马时代和中世纪意大利最有影响力的港口之一，但人们对Portus Pisanus所处环境和其主要历史阶段之间的关系却了解不多。
图1：重建利古里亚海东部的相对海平面变化。图源：Kaniewsk et al.
为了研究长期沿海动态、海平面上升和环境变化对港口演变的影响，法国图卢兹第三大学的David Kaniewski和同事重建了利古里亚海东部在10500年间的相对海平面变化。他们还将历史地图和地质数据相结合，重建了比萨港港池周围的海岸形态。作者分析了取自沉积层的生物样本，以考察海水、淡水或农业活动对该地区环境可能造成的影响，再将他们获得的数据与文字记录和考古数据进行比对。
图2：地图显示了和Portus Pisanus有关的泻湖的三个演化阶段。图源：Kaniewsk et al.
研究结果显示，公元前200年左右，比萨城南部形成了一个与海连通性较好、受到天然保护的潟湖。这个潟湖很可能曾促进了当地的航海和贸易，加快了综合性港口的建设。直到公元5世纪之后，这个潟湖都一直支撑着Portus Pisanus，不过随着海岸线逐渐向海移动，这个潟湖与海的连通性从公元1000-1250年左右开始受阻。公元1500年前后，这个潟湖彻底与海分离并消失，港池变成了一个滨海湖，而Portus Pisanus也被里窝那（Livorno）海港取代。
摘要：The ancient harbour of Pisa, Portus Pisanus, was one of Italy’s most influential seaports for many centuries. Nonetheless, very little is known about its oldest harbour and the relationships between environmental evolution and the main stages of harbour history. The port complex that ensured Pisa’s position as an economic and maritime power progressively shifted westwards by coastal progradation, before the maritime port of Livorno was built in the late 16th century AD. The lost port is, however, described in the early 5th century AD as being “a large, naturally sheltered embayment” that hosted merchant vessels, suggesting an important maritime structure with significant artificial infrastructure to reach the city. Despite its importance, the geographical location of the harbour complex remains controversial and its environmental evolution is unclear. To fill this knowledge gap and furnish accurate palaeoenvironmental information on Portus Pisanus, we used bio- and geosciences. Based on stratigraphic data, the area’s relative sea-level history, and long-term environmental dynamics, we established that at ~200 BC, a naturally protected lagoon developed and hosted Portus Pisanus until the 5th century AD. The decline of the protected lagoon started at ~1350 AD and culminated ~1500 AD, after which time the basin was a coastal lake.
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