论文标题：5-a-day fruit and vegetable food product labels: reduced fruit and vegetable consumption following an exaggerated compared to a modest label
期刊：
作者：K. M. Appleton et al
发表时间： 2018/5/15
数字识别码：10.1186/s12889-018-5528-0
原文链接：
BMC Public Health最新发表的一篇文章比较了果蔬汁产品使用“含有世界卫生组织标准的每日五份果蔬之一”与“含有世界卫生组织标准的每日五份果蔬之三”的标签如何影响消费者对果蔬产品的后续食用。
世界卫生组织提出了每日五份果蔬的标准，但食品饮料标签上声称满足每日五份果蔬的营养标签真的能说明这些产品是健康食品么？
无论总量多少，由于果汁的加工过程和加工造成的纤维减少，世界卫生组织推荐仅将果汁作为每日五份果蔬的标准中的一份。如果产品声称含有两份或更多的果蔬，则该产品应来自多种水果或蔬菜，并且还应确保份量适中，并且控制其中饱和脂肪、盐和糖的含量。
尽管各国政府都制定了相关标准，但制造商有时会自行在包装上添加声明，而这并不在政府规定的范围之内。如果制造商遵循行业中最严格的执行标准，符合规定的产品每份中应该含有80g或更多的果蔬。
突出产品健康成分的食品标签可以对健康饮食搭配产生积极影响，但是如果产品的“健康成分”被夸大，也可能会导致负面影响。
基于此，伯恩茅斯大学的研究人员进行了一项研究，并于近期发表于BMC Public Health。该研究调查了标有“含有每日五份之三”与“含有每日五份之一”的果蔬汁产品对后续果蔬摄入的影响。使用急性实验设计，194名参与者（90名男性，104名女性）在日常早餐之后随机食用一份标有“含有每日五份之三”或“含有每日五份之一”的果蔬汁。
研究使用了两种产品标签，每种都声明该产品为“果蔬汁”，并在声明中包括了相应的口味，分别标明“含有每日五份之三”或“含有每日五份之一”，并且使用英国公认的标识表示每日五份果蔬。所有参与者被要求在食用前观察他们的奶昔，并全部喝掉，而不会提及标签或相关信息。随后对24小时内的果蔬摄入情况进行评估。
研究者发现，相比于使用“含有每日五份之一”标签组，使用“含有每日五份之三”果蔬标签组在正常早餐后果蔬的后续食用量减少。这可以解释为消费者可能认为他们已经通过食用该标签的产品而超额完成了健康饮食目标，因此之后不再摄入更多果蔬。该现象中的主要变化通常发生在高果蔬摄入者、女性、以及蔬菜摄入而非水果中。
这项研究的结果表明，涉及果蔬摄入标准的食品标签提供夸大信息会造成隐患。为确保此类信息的准确性，需要制定更严格的规定。
摘要：
Background
Food product labels based on the WHO 5-a-day fruit and vegetable (FV) message are becoming increasingly common, but these labels may impact negatively on complementary or subsequent FV consumption. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a ‘3 of your 5-a-day’ versus a ‘1 of your 5-a-day’ smoothie product label on subsequent FV consumption.
Methods
Using an acute experimental design, 194 participants (90 males, 104 females) were randomised to consume a smoothie labelled as either ‘3 of your 5-a-day’ (N = 97) or ‘1 of your 5-a-day’ (N = 97) in full, following a usual breakfast. Subsequent FV consumption was measured for the rest of the day using 24-h recall. Usual FV consumption was also assessed via 24-h recall for the day before the study.
Results
Regression analyses revealed a significantly lower subsequent FV consumption following smoothies displaying the ‘3 of your 5-a-day’ label compared to the ‘1 of your 5-a-day’ label (Beta = − 0.15, p = 0.04). Secondary analyses revealed these effects to be driven mainly by changes to consumption in usual high FV consumers, in females and in vegetable as opposed to fruit consumption.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate a role for label information in food intake, and the potential negative impacts of an exaggerated food product label on healthy food consumption and healthy dietary profiles.
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