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FoAR 城市形态演变中街区形态多样化演生机制——以北京市方格状街区为例 |
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论文标题:
期刊:
作者:Jiankun Liu, Atsushi Deguchi
发表时间:August 2024
DOI:
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FoAR是由高等教育出版社和东南大学建筑学院联合主办的全英文学术期刊
建筑学 / 城乡规划 / 风景园林
本刊已被 A&HCI / CSCD / Scopus / DOAJ / CSTPCD 收录
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论 文 题 目
Manuscript Title
The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China
城市形态演变中街区形态多样化演生机制——以北京市方格状街区为例
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作 者
Authors
Jiankun Liu (a)*, Atsushi Deguchi (b)
(a) School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
(b) Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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论 文 摘 要
Abstract
Beijing is a typical traditional city in China, originating from the uniform and conventional grid plan, but transformed diversely, either on purpose or spontaneously. This research took the diversification process of grid blocks as an angle to understand the transformation process of Beijings urban morphology. It took 194 grid blocks within the 3rd Ring Road of Beijing as research objects. First, the paper proposed a whole view of Beijings grid blocks by 1) visualizing their construction process, 2) classifying 5 morphological clusters by 7 indicators (Block size, Block shape regularity, Intensity, Coverage, Network density, Plot shape regularity, Standard deviation of plot size), and 3) investigating their distribution. Second, the diversification process of grid blocks was clarified from two layers: the block-boundary layer and the inner-space layer. Finally, the mechanism of block form diversification was clarified by exploring the connections between elements in each layer, and the influence of urban development on block form transformation. The study re-defined the diversification process in a more quantitative way from both time and spatial dimension. It concluded that the diversification is influenced by changes in urban planning principles and locations, and emerged thorough the long-term transformation and resubdivision. The interaction between the boundary and the inner space stimulates the diversification. And based on these, it concluded with a discussion of limitations and potentials on grid blocks construction and renovation.
北京是明升官网传统城市的典型代表之一,其形态源于古代统一的方格网规划,但却或被动或自发地发生了多样化演变。本研究以方格状街区的多样化过程为视角,解读北京城市形态的演变过程。以北京市三环内194个方格状街区为研究对象。首先,1)将街区的形成过程可视化,2)划分出了基于7个指标(街区规模、街区形状规则度、开发强度、覆盖率、路网密度、地块形状规则度、地块规模标准差)的五种形态类型,3)并探究其分布特征。其次,从街区边界和内部空间这两个层面进一步阐明了方格状街区的多样化过程。最后,通过探究各层面要素之间的关联性,以及城市发展对街区形态演变的影响,厘清街区形态的多样化演生机制。该研究以更加定量化的方法从时间和空间两个维度对多样化过程进行了重新定义。研究认为,这一多样化过程受到城市规划准则变更与区位变化的影响,在长期演变与再分化的过程中形成,街区边界与内部空间的相互作用促进了街区形态的多样化演生。在此基础上,本文讨论了方格状街区建设与更新的潜力与局限性。
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关 键 词
Keywords
Grid block / 方格状街区
Urban morphology / 城市形态
Diversification / 多样化
Morphological quantification / 形态量化
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章 节 标 题
Sections Title
1. Introduction/ 引言
1.1. Background and objectives/ 研究背景及目的
1.2. Previous research / 既往研究
1.3. Research methodology and framework / 研究方法与框架
2. Current conditions of block morphology in Beijing / 北京街区形态现状
2.1. Urban development stages and constructiontime of grid blocks in Beijing / 北京城市发展阶段与方格状街区建设时间
2.2. Quantitative indicators for describing block morphology / 街区形态的量化指标
2.3. Distribution of different morphological clusters / 街区形态类型的分布
3. Diversification in the primary block-boundary layer / 街区边界层面的多样化
3.1. Distribution and evolution of block size (S) / 街区规模的分布与演化(S)
3.2. Distribution and evolution of block shape regularity (R) / 街区形状规则度的分布与演化(R)
3.3. Characteristics and dynamics of diversification in primary block-boundary layer / 街区边界的多样化特征与动因
4. Diversification in the detailed inner-space layer / 内部空间层面的多样化
4.1. Road network density /路网密度
4.2. Building density / 建筑密度
4.3. Subdivision inside grid blocks /方格状街区内部细分
4.4. Connections of subdivision pattern types with block-boundary layer and time dimension / 街区细分模式与街区边界、时间维度的关联
4.5. Dynamics of diversification of inner-space layer / 街区内部空间的多样化动因
5. Conclusions / 结论
5.1. Summary and conclusions / 总结与结论
5.2. Issues and suggestions on grid block construction and renovation / 关于方格状街区建设更新的问题与建议
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主 要 插 图
Illustrations
▲ 图一:北京市老城区及三环内空间区位图。© 本文作者
▲ 图二:北京市三环内的方格状街区。© 本文作者(底图资料来源:百度地图)
▲ 图三:街区形态的构成。© 本文作者
▲ 图四:街区形态类型分布。© 本文作者
▲ 图五:街区路网密度、建筑容积率与建筑覆盖率分布。© 本文作者
▲ 图六:建筑密度的演变。© 本文作者
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作 者 介 绍
Authors’ Information
刘健琨
副研究员 Associate Professor
天津大学 建筑学院
School of Architecture, Tianjin University
研究方向:建筑形式生成方法与城市公共空间形态研究。
Research areas: The method of architectural form generating and the morphology of urban public space.
Atsushi Deguchi
Professor
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
Executive Director and Vice President
The University of Tokyo
Research areas: Urban planning and urban design.
Exploring urban planning and design at various scales, from the perspective of sustainable urban development.
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