论文标题：Social learning from conspecifcs and humans in dog puppies
期刊：
作者：Claudia Fugazza, Alexandra Moesta, Ákos Pogány & Ádám Miklósi
发表时间：2018/07/05
数字识别码：10.1038/s41598-018-27654-0
原文链接：
根据《明升体育app手机版》发表的一项初步研究Social learning from conspecifcs and humans in dog puppies，8周大的小狗具备一定的社会学习技能，能够通过观察同类以及人类来学习。
来源：pixabay
匈牙利罗兰大学的Claudia Fugazza及同事以48只不同品种的8周大的小狗为研究对象，分别让一名人类、狗妈妈和一只陌生的狗在小狗面前演示打开神秘箱获取里面的食物奖励，然后观察小狗在这三种情况下学习开箱的能力是否存在差异。
图2：两种用于实验任务的盒子。为获取食物，左边盒子的盖子需要掀开，右边盒子的盖子需要推开。
Fugazza et al.
结果发现无论是狗演示还是人演示，小狗都能学会完成这一任务。如果延迟一个小时后再次进行测试，可以发现小狗和成年狗一样可以保留已获取信息的记忆。出乎意料的是，小狗更倾向于向陌生的狗而非狗妈妈学习。作者认为这可能是因为小狗更关注陌生狗的演示（观察时间约为44秒），而观察狗妈妈的演示时间约为30秒。
过去的研究已经证明了年纪较大的狗有社会学习技能；作者认为他们的研究表明小狗也许具备和年纪较大的狗类似的社会学习技能。未来开展更进一步的研究时，以不同发育阶段的狗为研究对象，或能进一步阐明狗狗社会学习技能背后的机制。
摘要：Social learning is especially advantageous for young individuals because it reduces the risks of trial-and-error learning, while providing an efficient way of acquiring information. Whereas adult dogs are known to excel in social learning skills, the ontogeny of this process has been mainly overlooked. The focus of our study was to investigate whether the capacity of social learning is already developed in dogs at an early age. We tested 8-week-old dog puppies on their ability to learn socially to open a puzzle box baited with food and on their capacity to retain the acquired information in their memory. Puppies were tested with conspecific and human demonstrators. We further investigated on whether demonstrations performed by their mother or by an unfamiliar conspecific model affected puppies’ learning trend differently. We found that social learning skills are present in 8 weeks old puppies and they remembered this experience for 1 hour. Puppies learned to solve the task from both conspecific and human demonstrators, thereby endorsing dogs’ flexibility in learning from different social partners. Unexpectedly, puppies were more likely to learn from unfamiliar conspecifics than from their mother, probably as a result of greater attention payed to the demonstration performed by the unfamiliar model.
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来源：（明升手机版(明升官网)）
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